Soluti-On

Three points which shows the anomalous behavior of Carbon are Following:-  Carbon has a very high Melting and Boiling points than othe elements of group 14.  Carbon has the hardest allotropes as compared to other in their group like diamond.  Carbon can form π- bonds with other elements like Nitrogen and Oxygen. Other elements of group 14 can't form π-bonds.  And last point is Carbon has Covalancy 4, Other elements like So and Ge can have Covalency 6. 

Chromium (CR) is the metal which shows the anomalous electronic Configuration. 

The elements which Shows abnormal electronic Configuration are Chromium [Ar]3d⁵4s¹, Copper [Ar]3d¹⁰4s1, palladium [Kr]4d¹⁰5s⁰, and platinum [Xe]4f¹⁴5d⁹6s¹. They have different electronic Configuration because of electrons shifting and forming electron pairs. 

What is Ionization Enthalpy? Ionization Enthalpy means the Enthalpy which required to Remove a first electron from a Isolated Gaseous atom in its gaseous state.  The energy required to remove a electron from isolated gaseous atom in its gaseous state is called as Ionization Enthalpy. It depends on Following factors:-  1. penetration Effect  The proximity of an electron in an orbital to the nucleus means the Penetration Effect. For each shell and subshell of electron, it observed as the relative density of electrons which is near the nucleus of an atom.  The order of penetration power Trend is 2s > 2p > 3s > 3p > 4s > 3d 2. Force of attraction between nucleus and electrons.  The Force of nucleus and electrons is also very important for Ionization Enthalpy. Means how much power is required to break the attraction between nucleus and electrons is the Ionization Enthalpy in simple words.  As we move down the group atomic size increases so the dis...

Ionization Enthalpy depends on following two factors:  Force of repulsion between electrons.  And force of attraction between nucleus and electrons. 

In a group from top to bottom Ionization Enthalpy decreases due to higher atomic size.  And in period from left to right Ionization Enthalpy increases. So it varies as 16<17<18 .  Group 15 elements have higher Ionization Enthalpy than that of group 16 due to half filled orbital which gives extra stability to atom. 

It has melting point 393K, And specific gravity 1.98 g/cm³ and it dissolves in CS2.  It is stable above 369K and below 369K it is converted into Rhombic Sulfur. At transition Temperature 369K, both alpha and beta forms are stable.  It is prepared by melting sulphur and cooling till crust is formed which is pierced by a needle and the liquid below then forms transparent Monoclinic Sulphur which has needle shape.  It exists as S8 Molecules with a structure of a puckered ring. 

This is the most stable and common form of sulphur.  It is pale yellow solid, having specific gravity 2.06 g/cm³ and melting point 385.5K  It is insoluble in water but soluble in CS2. It is Obtained by Evaporation of Sulphur in CS2 Solution.  It Consists of S8 Molecules in which eight suphur atoms form puckered ring in crown shape.  S-S Bond length is 2.04 pm with S-S-S bond angle 107°. 

H2So4 is one of the important and widely used chemicals for many purpose. It has following Uses:-  In the manufacture of Fertilizers like ammonium sulphate, super phosphate.  In the manufacture of pigments, paints and dyestuff intermediate.  I. The petroleum refining.  In the detergent industry.  In the metallurgy for cleaning metals, before they are galvanised and electroplated.  In storage battery.  As laboratory reagent.  In the preparation of explosive like nitrocellulose products like gun cotton. 

When SO2 gas is passed through solution of sodium hydroxide NaoH it forms sodium sulphite Na2So3 which further with excess of So2 forms sodium hydrogen sulphite NahSo3. 

Oxygen is the first Element of group 16.  Reasons for anomalous behavior of Oxygen:  Small size  Electronegativity  No d-orbitals in valence shell  Oxygen shows following anomalous Behaviour: 1. Atomicity : Oxygen exists as a diatomic molecule while other elements of group 16 are polyatomic Molecules and they have puckered ring structure.  2. Magnetic behavior : Molecular oxygen O2 is paramagnetic in nature while other elements of group 16 are diamagnetic. Because Molecular O2 has unpaired Electrons in the antibonding molecular orbital.  3. Oxidation states : Oxygen shows Oxidation state -2 in Oxides, -1 in peroxides while +2 in oxygen difluoride. Since it does not have vacant d-orbital it doesn't show higher oxidation states while other elements of group 16 shows +2, +4  and +6 Oxidation states.  4. Nature of Hydrides : The hydride of Oxygen H2O in a liquid while the Hydrides of other elements are gases.  5. Covalency : Common Covalency...

  Following are the uses of Ozone  It is used to sterlise water by oxidation of germs and bacteria. It is used in that industrial manufacture of KmnO4 and Synthetic Comphor. It is used for air purification at crowded places. It is used as a bleaching agent for starch, oils, delicate fabrics, wax, ivory, etc. 

Boiling Point: It is defined as the temperature at which the vapour pressure of liquid becomes equal to the applied pressure. For liquids in open container applied pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure.  Boiling point increases with increase in external pressure. Also liquids having greater intermolecular forces have high boiling points.  Elevation in Boiling point: Vapour pressure of Solution is less than that of pure Solvent. Therefore, it boils at higher temperatures. Thus there is elevation of boiling point of solvent when non-volatile solute is added in it. 

Option:-   Uniform circular motion   Rectilinear motion  Projectile motion   motion in one dimension                     Solution:- (C) Projectile motion 

Exothermic Reactions means the reaction in which the energy is exchanged by the system and surrounding. Eg. Burning of candel. And in respiration also the Body produced energy. In respiration basically, the breakdown of carbohydrates which are present in food get broken and glucose is crated. So glucose combines with oxygen and the energy is formed. So Respiration is considered as Exothermic Reaction. 

Covalent Solids :- 1. The Constituent particles in covalent Network Solids are atoms. 2. The atoms are linked by continuous system of covalent bonds. The result is a rigid three dimensional Network that form a giant molecule. 3. As aresult of rigid and strongly bonded structure, covalent Network crystals are very hard. 4. They are hardest and incompressible. 5. They have high melting and boiling points. 6. The electrons are localised in Covalent bonds and hence are not mobile. As a result, Covalent Solids are poor conductors of heat and electricity. Eg. Diamond, quartz. 

Order Molecularity It is the sum of Exponents to which the concentration terms in the rate law are raised. It is the number of reactant molecules taking part in an elementary reaction.  It's an experimental Property. It is a Theoretical Property.  It may be an integer, fraction, or zero. Milk Beauty It is always an Integer and Never a Fraction or Zero. It may Change with Experimental Conditions. It does not change with Experimental Conditions. It is the property of Both Elementary and Complex Reactions It is the property of elementary reactions and not of complex reactions. 

'The hydrostatic pressure which stops the process of osmosis is called as Osmotic Pressure' Its Formula is given by,  π = MRT 

Henry's Law :- Henry's Law states that the solubility of gas in a liquid at constant temperature is proportional to pressure of gas on the solution.  S∝P   S= KhP  Where  Kh =Henry's Constant Its unit is mol dm-3 bar-1